Honey bee health (Overview)

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The table below represents a list of the most important pests and pathogens, affecting the health of honey bees in Ethiopia and Indonesia.

Table: Pests and pathogens present in Ethiopian and Indonesian honey bee colonies. N/A (not available) stands for a lack of data, +/- stands for a present/absent pest/pathogen.

Viruses Protozoa Bacteria Fungi Insecta Mites Birds Mammals
Amoeba Foulbrood Nosema Chalkbrood Lepidoptera Diptera Coleoptera Hymenoptera Parasitic mites Tracheal mites
DWV, IAPV, SBV, VDV-1 M. mellificae AFB EFB N. apis N. ceranae A. apis G. mellonella A. grisella B. coeca A. tumida Cetoniinae Ants Varroa destructor V. jacobsoni Tropilaelaps spp. A. woodi Meropidae Mellivora capensis
Ethiopia N/A + [1] N/A N/A + [1] [2] [3] [4] N/A + [1] [4] + [4] [5] + [4] [5] + [4] [6] + [1] [4] + [1] [4] + [4] [7] [8] + [4] [9] N/A N/A + [4] + [4] [8] [10] + [10] [11]
Indonesia N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A + [2] [12] N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A + [13] + [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] + [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] + [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] - [2] N/A - [19]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Haylegebriel, T. (2014). Honey bee diseases, pest and their economic importance in Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 10(2), 527-535.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323
  3. ↑ Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tolera, K., & Dejene, T. (2014). Assessment of the effect of seasonal honeybee management on honey production of Ethiopian honeybee (Apis mellifera) in modern beekeeping in Jimma Zone. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3(5), 246–254.
  6. ↑ Adeday, G., Shiferaw, M., & Abebe, F. (2012). Prevalence of Bee Lice Braula coeca (Diptera: Braulidae) and Other Perceived Constraints to Honey Bee Production in Wukro Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Global Veterinaria, 8(6), 631-635.
  7. ↑ Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 2(1), 76-92. https://doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v2i1.49654
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Teklu, G. W. (2016). Survey on honeybee pests and predators in Sidama and Gedeo zones of Southern Ethiopia with emphasis on control practices. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, 4(2), 368-381.
  9. ↑ Muli, E., Patch, H., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Torto, B., Baumgarten, T., … Grozinger, C. (2014). Evaluation of the distribution and impacts of parasites, pathogens, and pesticides on honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations in East Africa. PloS One, 9(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094459
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Awraris, G., S., Yemisrach, G., Dejen, A., Nuru, A., Gebeyehu, G., & Workneh, A. (2012). Honey production systems (Apis mellifera L.) in Kaffa, Sheka and Bench-Maji zones of Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 4(19), 528-541. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD12.088
  11. ↑ Gidey, Y., Bethelhem, K., Dawit, K., & Alem, M. (2012). Assessment of beekeeping practices in Asgede Tsimbla district, Northern Ethiopia: Absconding, bee forage and bee pests. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR10.1071
  12. ↑ Botías, C., Anderson, D. L., Meana, A., Garrido-Bailón, E., Martín-Hernández, R., & Higes, M. (2012). Further evidence of an oriental origin for Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110(1), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2012.02.014
  13. ↑ Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Anderson, D. L. (1994). Non-reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in Apis mellifera colonies in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Apidologie, 25(4), 412–421. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19940408
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Diao, Q., Sun, L., Zheng, H., Zeng, Z., Wang, S., Xu, S., … Wu, J. (2018). Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the Asian honeybee Apis cerana provides novel insights into honeybee biology. Scientific Reports, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17338-6
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Rosenkranz, P., Aumeier, P., & Ziegelmann, B. (2010). Biology and control of Varroa destructor. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103, S96–S119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.016
  19. ↑ Jana, M., Vanderhaar, J. M., Hwang, Y.T. (2003). Mellivora capensis. Mammalian Species, 721, 1-8.
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