Difference between revisions of "Varroa"

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'''Ethiopia:''' There are no reports of high colony losses that are directly linked to the parasitic ''V. destructor'' mite, thus in Ethiopia it is not common to treat infested honey bee colonies chemically. It is believed, that honey bee populations in Africa may be more resistant against ''V. destructor'' due to several factors like [[climate]] conditions (i.e. almost no overwintering). <ref>Muli, E., Patch, H., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Torto, B., Baumgarten, T., … Grozinger, C. (2014). Evaluation of the distribution and impacts of parasites, pathogens, and pesticides on honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') populations in East Africa. PloS One, 9(4), e94459. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094459</ref> <ref>Insert footnote text here</ref> <ref>Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6</ref>
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'''Ethiopia:''' There are no reports of high colony losses that are directly linked to the parasitic ''V. destructor'' mite, thus in Ethiopia it is not common to treat infested honey bee colonies chemically. Surveys revealed, that most Ethiopian beekeepers do not know about the possible impact of ''V. destructor'' on their colonies. <ref>Ebisa, M.., & Eyob, H. (2016). Occurrence and Distribution of Varroa Mite and Antivarroa Effect of Propolis in Walmara District of Oromia Special Zone Around Finfine, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000370</ref> Researcher also do not rule out that honey bee populations in Africa may be more resistant against ''V. destructor'' due to several factors like [[climate]] conditions (i.e. almost no overwintering). <ref>Muli, E., Patch, H., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Torto, B., Baumgarten, T., … Grozinger, C. (2014). Evaluation of the distribution and impacts of parasites, pathogens, and pesticides on honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') populations in East Africa. PloS One, 9(4), e94459. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094459</ref> <ref>Insert footnote text here</ref> <ref>Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6</ref>
  
  

Revision as of 11:04, 9 May 2018

Varroa spp. (Acari; Varroidae) - V. destructor, V. jacobsoni, V. underwoodi, V. rindereri

Varroa belongs to the parasitic mites and is known to be one of the most dangerous pests in honey bees worldwide. Varroa weakens the colony by feeding on their hemolymph and by acting as a vector for viruses and other pathogens. They enter brood prior capping and reproduce in the sealed brood cells. [1] [2] [3]


Ethiopia: There are no reports of high colony losses that are directly linked to the parasitic V. destructor mite, thus in Ethiopia it is not common to treat infested honey bee colonies chemically. Surveys revealed, that most Ethiopian beekeepers do not know about the possible impact of V. destructor on their colonies. [4] Researcher also do not rule out that honey bee populations in Africa may be more resistant against V. destructor due to several factors like climate conditions (i.e. almost no overwintering). [5] [6] [7]


Indonesia: Several species of Varroa exist in Indonesia (V. destructor, V. jacobsoni, V. underwoodi, V. rindereri), known to infest different honey bee species and subspecies. Regarding the beekeeping with A. cerana, studies revealed, that V. destructor seems to be not economically important, not only due to the increased hygiene behavior of A. cerana. Though, increased grooming behavior of A. cerana in cleaning and removing Varroa mites is not only based on triggering by exogenous stimuli through visual and olfactory detection, but also on genetics. Unfortunately, there is no data about the infestation rate, nor the mortality rate of V. destructor relating to A. mellifera, although in a study of Anderson (1994) V. destructor was also found in colonies of A. mellifera. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]


References

  1. ↑ Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Heinemann Newnes.
  2. ↑ Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.
  3. ↑ Mengistu, S., Kebede, Y., & Begna, D. (2016). Major Honey Bee Health Problem with Particular Emphasis to Anti-Varroa Investigation of Propolis in Toke-Kutaye District, Ethiopia. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 11(5), 320–331.
  4. ↑ Ebisa, M.., & Eyob, H. (2016). Occurrence and Distribution of Varroa Mite and Antivarroa Effect of Propolis in Walmara District of Oromia Special Zone Around Finfine, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000370
  5. ↑ Muli, E., Patch, H., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Torto, B., Baumgarten, T., … Grozinger, C. (2014). Evaluation of the distribution and impacts of parasites, pathogens, and pesticides on honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations in East Africa. PloS One, 9(4), e94459. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094459
  6. ↑ Insert footnote text here
  7. ↑ Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6
  8. ↑ Anderson, D. L. (1994). Non-reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in Apis mellifera colonies in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Apidologie, 25(4), 412–421. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19940408
  9. ↑ Diao, Q., Sun, L., Zheng, H., Zeng, Z., Wang, S., Xu, S., … Wu, J. (2018). Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the Asian honeybee Apis cerana provides novel insights into honeybee biology. Scientific Reports, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17338-6
  10. ↑ Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1
  11. ↑ Oldroyd, B. P., & Nanork, P. (2009). Conservation of Asian honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009021
  12. ↑ Rosenkranz, P., Aumeier, P., & Ziegelmann, B. (2010). Biology and control of Varroa destructor. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103, S96–S119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.016
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