Difference between revisions of "Nosema"
(Created page with "'''''Nosema spp.''''' (Nosematidae; Dissociodihaplophasida) is known to be a parasitc microsporidian and the causative agent of nosemose. <ref name="Morse 1997">Morse, R. A.,...") |
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'''Ethiopia:''' ''N. apis'' is present but no further information is available. (e.g. distribution, treatment, presence of ''N. ceranae'', etc...). <ref name="Ellis 2005">Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> <ref name="Mumoki 2014"/> | '''Ethiopia:''' ''N. apis'' is present but no further information is available. (e.g. distribution, treatment, presence of ''N. ceranae'', etc...). <ref name="Ellis 2005">Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> <ref name="Mumoki 2014"/> | ||
| − | '''Indonesia:''' ''N. ceranae'' is present but there is a lack of data regarding the dangerousness or treating of the pathogen, indicating that ''Nosema'' represents a negligible risk in Indonesia. <ref>Botías, C., Anderson, D. L., Meana, A., Garrido-Bailón, E., Martín-Hernández, R., & Higes, M. (2012). Further evidence of an oriental origin for Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110(1), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2012.02.014</ref> <ref>Insert footnote text here</ref> <ref name="Ellis 2005"/> <ref>Wilson, W. T., & Nunamaker, R. A. (1983). The Incidence of Nosema Apis in Honeybees in Mexico. Bee World, 64(3), 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1983.11097930</ref> | + | '''Indonesia:''' ''N. ceranae'' is present but there is a lack of data regarding the dangerousness or treating of the pathogen, indicating that ''Nosema'' represents a negligible risk in Indonesia. <ref>Botías, C., Anderson, D. L., Meana, A., Garrido-Bailón, E., Martín-Hernández, R., & Higes, M. (2012). Further evidence of an oriental origin for ''Nosema ceranae'' (Microsporidia: Nosematidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110(1), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2012.02.014</ref> <ref>Insert footnote text here</ref> <ref name="Ellis 2005"/> <ref>Wilson, W. T., & Nunamaker, R. A. (1983). The Incidence of ''Nosema Apis'' in Honeybees in Mexico. Bee World, 64(3), 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1983.11097930</ref> |
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 15:51, 7 May 2018
Nosema spp. (Nosematidae; Dissociodihaplophasida) is known to be a parasitc microsporidian and the causative agent of nosemose. [1] The infectious non-germinated spore of the pathogen is transmitted through the oral-faecal route of workers to queens and brood or through mating. The most popular treatment: fumagillin. While N. apis has a relatively wide distribution with a prevelence for colder climate, N. ceranae is mostly prevalent in the tropics and sub-tropics. [2]
Ethiopia: N. apis is present but no further information is available. (e.g. distribution, treatment, presence of N. ceranae, etc...). [3] [2]
Indonesia: N. ceranae is present but there is a lack of data regarding the dangerousness or treating of the pathogen, indicating that Nosema represents a negligible risk in Indonesia. [4] [5] [3] [6]
References
- ↑ Morse, R. A., & Flottum, K. (1997). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323
- ↑ Botías, C., Anderson, D. L., Meana, A., Garrido-Bailón, E., Martín-Hernández, R., & Higes, M. (2012). Further evidence of an oriental origin for Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110(1), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2012.02.014
- ↑ Insert footnote text here
- ↑ Wilson, W. T., & Nunamaker, R. A. (1983). The Incidence of Nosema Apis in Honeybees in Mexico. Bee World, 64(3), 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1983.11097930
