Difference between revisions of "Honey bee species and subspecies"
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
|- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | |- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | ||
| rowspan="1"| '''Ethiopia''' | | rowspan="1"| '''Ethiopia''' | ||
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + <ref name="Smith1961"> Smith, F. G. (1961). The Races of Honeybees in Africa. Bee World, 42(10), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1961.11096896</ref> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47, 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6</ref> | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Smith1961"> Smith, F. G. (1961). The Races of Honeybees in Africa. Bee World, 42(10), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1961.11096896</ref> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47, 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6</ref> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002">Nuru, A., Amssalu, B., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Swarming and migration in the honey bees ( Apis mellifera ) of Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(1–2), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2002.11101066</ref> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Radloff and Hepburn 1997">Radloff, S. E., & Hepburn, H. R. (1997). Multivariate analysis of honeybees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), of the Horn of Africa. African Entomology, 5, 57–64.</ref> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016">Tesfu, F. & Abebe, H. (2016). Current Trends of Honey Bee Genetic Resources in Ethiopia – A Review. International Journal of Current Research, 8(5), 31737-31739.</ref> | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002">Nuru, A., Amssalu, B., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Swarming and migration in the honey bees (''Apis mellifera'') of Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(1–2), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2002.11101066</ref> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Radloff and Hepburn 1997">Radloff, S. E., & Hepburn, H. R. (1997). Multivariate analysis of honeybees, ''Apis mellifera'' Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), of the Horn of Africa. African Entomology, 5, 57–64.</ref> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016">Tesfu, F. & Abebe, H. (2016). Current Trends of Honey Bee Genetic Resources in Ethiopia – A Review. International Journal of Current Research, 8(5), 31737-31739.</ref> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014">Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1 </ref> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014">Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1 </ref> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Radloff and Hepburn 1997"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Radloff and Hepburn 1997"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Radloff and Hepburn 1997"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Pirk et al. 2015"/> <ref name="Radloff and Hepburn 1997"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Nuru et al. 2002"/> <ref name="Tesfu & Abebe 2016"/> |
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | <nowiki>*+</nowiki> <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref>Bezabih, G., Adgaba, N., Hepburn, H. R., & Pirk, C. W. W. (2014). The Territorial Invasion of Apis florea in Africa. African Entomology, 22(4), 888–890. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0406</ref> | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''<nowiki>*+</nowiki>''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref>Bezabih, G., Adgaba, N., Hepburn, H. R., & Pirk, C. W. W. (2014). The Territorial Invasion of Apis florea in Africa. African Entomology, 22(4), 888–890. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0406</ref> |
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + <ref>Pauly, A., & Hora, Z. A. (2013). Apini and Meliponini from Ethiopia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae: Apinae). Belg. J. Entomol, 16, 1–36.</ref> | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref>Pauly, A., & Hora, Z. A. (2013). Apini and Meliponini from Ethiopia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae: Apinae). Belg. J. Entomol, 16, 1–36.</ref> |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | |- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | ||
| rowspan="2"|'''Indonesia''' | | rowspan="2"|'''Indonesia''' | ||
| Line 78: | Line 59: | ||
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | <nowiki>*+</nowiki> | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''<nowiki>*+</nowiki>''' <ref>Anderson, D. L. (1994). Non-reproduction of ''Varroa jacobsoni'' in ''Apis mellifera'' colonies in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Apidologie, 25(4), 412–421. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19940408</ref> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Theisen-Jones & Bienefeld 2016">Theisen-Jones, H., & Bienefeld, K. (2016). The Asian Honey Bee (''Apis cerana'') is Significantly in Decline. Bee World, 93(4), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2017.1284973</ref> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Theisen-Jones & Bienefeld 2016"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Theisen-Jones & Bienefeld 2016"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008">Hadisoesilo, S., Raffiudin, R., Susanti, W., Atmowidi, T., Hepburn, C., Radloff, S. E., … Randall Hepburn, H. (2008). Morphometric analysis and biogeography of ''Apis koschevnikovi'' Enderlein (1906). Apidologie, 39(5), 495–503. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2008029</ref> <ref name="Roubik 2005">Roubik, D. W. (2005). Honeybees in Borneo. In D. W. Roubik, S. Sakai, & A. A. Hamid Karim (Hrsg.), Pollination Ecology and the Rain Forest (Bd. 174, S. 89–103). New York: Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27161-9_8</ref> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008"/> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref name="Hadisoesilo et al. 2008"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> <ref>Tanaka, H., Roubik, D. W., Kato, M., Liew, F., & Gunsalam, G. (2001). Phylogenetic position of Apis nuluensis of northern Borneo and phylogeography of A. cerana as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Insectes Sociaux, 48(1), 44–51.</ref> <ref name="Roubik 2005"/> |
| − | | style="color:#000000;" | + | + | | style="color:#000000;" | '''+''' <ref name="Gupta et al. 2014"/> |
|- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | |- style="border:none;padding:0.049cm;" | ||
| style="color:#000000;" | | | style="color:#000000;" | | ||
Revision as of 13:37, 3 May 2018
Table: Present Apis species and non Apis species are shown. + stands for species, that occur in the particular country, *+ describes species, that were introduced.
| Apis mellifera | Apis cerana | Apis dorsata | Non Apis species | ||||||||||||||
| A. m. adansonii | A. m. bandasii | A. m. monticola | A. m. jemenitica | A. m. scutellata | A. m. woyi-gambella | A. mellifera sp. | A. c. himalayana | A. c. indica | A. c. nuluensis | A. d. binghami | A. florea | A. andreniformis | A. koschevnikovi | A. nigrocincta | A. nuluensis | Trigona spp. | |
| Ethiopia | + [1] [2] | + [3] [2] [4] [5] | + [6] [3] [2] [5] | + [6] [3] [2] [4] [5] | + [6] [3] [2] [4] [5] | + [3] [5] | *+ [6] [7] | + [8] | |||||||||
| Indonesia | *+ [9] | + [6] [10] [11] | + [6] [10] [11] | + [6] [10] [11] | + [6] [12] [11] | + [6] [12] [11] | + [6] [12] | + [6] [12] [11] | + [6] [12] | + [6] [13] [11] | + [6] | ||||||
| Anderson 1994 | Gupta et al. 2014; Theisen-Jones & Bienefeld 2016; Roubik 2005 | Gupta et al. 2014; Hadisoesilo et al. 2008; Roubik 2005 | Gupta et al. 2014; Hadisoesilo et al. 2008; Roubik 2005 | Gupta et al. 2014; Hadisoesilo et al. 2008 | Gupta et al. 2014; Hadisoesilo et al. 2008; Roubik 2005 | Gupta et al. 2014; Hadisoesilo et al. 2008 | Gupta et al. 2014; Tanaka et al. 2000; Roubik 2005 | Gupta et al. 2014 | |||||||||
References
- ↑ Smith, F. G. (1961). The Races of Honeybees in Africa. Bee World, 42(10), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1961.11096896
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47, 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0406-6
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Nuru, A., Amssalu, B., Hepburn, H. R., & Radloff, S. E. (2002). Swarming and migration in the honey bees (Apis mellifera) of Ethiopia. Journal of Apicultural Research, 41(1–2), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2002.11101066
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Radloff, S. E., & Hepburn, H. R. (1997). Multivariate analysis of honeybees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), of the Horn of Africa. African Entomology, 5, 57–64.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Tesfu, F. & Abebe, H. (2016). Current Trends of Honey Bee Genetic Resources in Ethiopia – A Review. International Journal of Current Research, 8(5), 31737-31739.
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1
- ↑ Bezabih, G., Adgaba, N., Hepburn, H. R., & Pirk, C. W. W. (2014). The Territorial Invasion of Apis florea in Africa. African Entomology, 22(4), 888–890. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0406
- ↑ Pauly, A., & Hora, Z. A. (2013). Apini and Meliponini from Ethiopia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae: Apinae). Belg. J. Entomol, 16, 1–36.
- ↑ Anderson, D. L. (1994). Non-reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in Apis mellifera colonies in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Apidologie, 25(4), 412–421. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19940408
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Theisen-Jones, H., & Bienefeld, K. (2016). The Asian Honey Bee (Apis cerana) is Significantly in Decline. Bee World, 93(4), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2017.1284973
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Roubik, D. W. (2005). Honeybees in Borneo. In D. W. Roubik, S. Sakai, & A. A. Hamid Karim (Hrsg.), Pollination Ecology and the Rain Forest (Bd. 174, S. 89–103). New York: Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27161-9_8
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Hadisoesilo, S., Raffiudin, R., Susanti, W., Atmowidi, T., Hepburn, C., Radloff, S. E., … Randall Hepburn, H. (2008). Morphometric analysis and biogeography of Apis koschevnikovi Enderlein (1906). Apidologie, 39(5), 495–503. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2008029
- ↑ Tanaka, H., Roubik, D. W., Kato, M., Liew, F., & Gunsalam, G. (2001). Phylogenetic position of Apis nuluensis of northern Borneo and phylogeography of A. cerana as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Insectes Sociaux, 48(1), 44–51.
