Difference between revisions of "Nosema"
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| − | '''''Nosema spp.''''' (Nosematidae | + | '''''Nosema spp.''''' (Dissociodihaplophasida; Nosematidae) is known to be a parasitc microsporidian and the causative agent of '''nosemose'''. <ref name="Morse 1997">Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.</ref> The infectious non-germinated spore of the pathogen is transmitted through the oral-faecal route of workers to queens and brood or through mating. The most popular treatment is "fumagillin". While ''N. apis'' has a relatively wide distribution with a prevelence for colder climate, ''N. ceranae'' is mostly prevalent in the tropics and sub-tropics. <ref name="Mumoki 2014">Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313</ref> |
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| − | '''Ethiopia:''' ''N. apis'' is present but no further information is available | + | '''Ethiopia:''' ''N. apis'' is present but no further information is available (e.g. distribution, treatment, presence of ''N. ceranae'', ...). <ref name="Ellis 2005">Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323</ref> <ref name="Mumoki 2014"/> |
Revision as of 15:43, 16 May 2018
Nosema spp. (Dissociodihaplophasida; Nosematidae) is known to be a parasitc microsporidian and the causative agent of nosemose. [1] The infectious non-germinated spore of the pathogen is transmitted through the oral-faecal route of workers to queens and brood or through mating. The most popular treatment is "fumagillin". While N. apis has a relatively wide distribution with a prevelence for colder climate, N. ceranae is mostly prevalent in the tropics and sub-tropics. [2]
Ethiopia: N. apis is present but no further information is available (e.g. distribution, treatment, presence of N. ceranae, ...). [3] [2]
Indonesia: N. ceranae is present but there is a lack of data regarding the dangerousness or treating of the pathogen, indicating that Nosema represents a negligible risk in Indonesia. [4] [3] [5]
References
- ↑ Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0313
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323
- ↑ Botías, C., Anderson, D. L., Meana, A., Garrido-Bailón, E., Martín-Hernández, R., & Higes, M. (2012). Further evidence of an oriental origin for Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110(1), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2012.02.014
- ↑ Wilson, W. T., & Nunamaker, R. A. (1983). The Incidence of Nosema Apis in Honeybees in Mexico. Bee World, 64(3), 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1983.11097930
