Difference between revisions of "Honey - Ethiopia"

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== Honey ==
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'''Ethiopia:''' The country belongs to the largest honey producers in Africa and is among the top ten worldwide ('''[[Import/Export of honey bee products]]''') and due to bimodal rains, honey can be harvested at least twice a year. <ref name="Adeday 2012">Adeday, G., Shiferaw, M., & Abebe, F. (2012). Prevalence of Bee Lice ''Braula coeca'' (Diptera: Braulidae) and Other Perceived Constraints to Honey Bee Production in Wukro Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Global Veterinaria, 8(6), 631-635.</ref> <ref name="MOA">MoA & ILRI (2013). Apiculture value chain vision and strategy for Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ministry of Agriculture and International Livestock Research Institute.</ref> The annual honey production was estimated to '''43,000 t/year''' with a potential honey production of about '''550,000 t/year'''. <ref name="MoARD 2007">MoARD (2007). Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Livestock Development Master Plan Study. Phase I Report - Data Collection and Analysis, Volume N - Apiculture. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</ref> <ref name="Negash 2017">Negash, B., & Greiling, J. (2017). Quality Focused Apiculture Sector Value Chain Development in Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A, 7(2), 107-116.</ref> <ref name= "Taye 2016">Taye, B., Desta, A., Girma, C., & Mekonen, W. T. (2016). Evaluation of transitional and modern hives for honey production in the Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 64(1), 157–165.</ref> The potential annual honey production was estimated based on a nationwide modernization of the beesector (modern hive, increased number of hives/beekeeper, ...) Approximately, '''95%''' of bee hives ('''[[hive types]]''') in Ethiopia are '''traditional''' with low productivity. <ref name="Negash 2017"/> According to Gemechis (2016) and MoARD (2007) traditional beehives produce around '''5-8 kg''' honey <ref name="MoARD 2007"/> <ref name="Gemechis 2016">Gemechis, L. Y. (2016). Honey Production and Marketing in Ethiopia. Agriculture And Biology Journal Of North America, 7(5), 248-253.</ref>, while the average honey yield in modern hives ranges from '''15-20 kg'''. <ref name="Taye 2016"/> <ref name="Gidey Y. 2010">Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. CNCS, 2(1), 76-92.</ref> According to FAO, the average amount of honey per hive over 24 years was 7.55 kg and therefore is in agreement with the prior mentioned observations. <ref name="FAO 2018">FAO (2018). FAOSTAT database collections. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. Access date: 23.04.2018. URL: http://faostat.fao.org</ref> '''70-80%''' of produced honey is used for the production of '''''tej''''' (traditional beverage) and the remaining percentage is sold as table honey. <ref name="Gidey Y. 2010"/> <ref>Legesse, G. Y. (2014). Review of progress in Ethiopian honey production and marketing. Livestock Research for Rural Development 26(1), 1-6.</ref> <ref name="SNV 2005">SNV/Ethiopia (2005). Strategic intervention plan on honey & beeswax value-chains, snv support to business organizations and their access to markets (boam).</ref> 10% of honey is consumed directly by the beekeeping households, while the rest is sold for gaining income. <ref name="Gemechis 2016"/> One major quality problem is the high '''moisture level''' of honey. Samples from all over the country revealed moisture content between '''15.25%''' and '''30.45%'''. The outcome varies with the type of used hives (traditional hives have 1.5-3.0% higher moisture content than modern hives) and the sample region (highly humid areas are more affected). <ref name="Gemechis 2016"/> Honey from traditional hives is sometimes a mixture of pollen, wax and honey, because it is not common among some Ethiopian beekeepers to separate the crude honey from other components. <ref name="SNV 2005"/> <ref>Fichtl, R., & Adi, A. (1994). Honeybee Flora of Ethiopia. Margraf Verlag Germany.</ref> To the favoured storage materials for honey belong plastic bags, tins/barrels, plastic containers, clay/log pots and animal skin. <ref>Awraris, G., S., Yemisrach, G., Dejen, A., Nuru, A., Gebeyehu, G., & Workneh, A. (2012). Honey production systems (''Apis mellifera'' L.) in Kaffa, Sheka and Bench-Maji zones of Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 4(19), 528-541.</ref> The leading honey and '''[[beeswax]]''' producing regions in Ethiopia include Oromia (41%), SNNPR (22%), Amara (21%) and Tigray (5%) ('''[[honey market value chain]]'''). <ref name="SNV 2005"/>
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According to FAO statistics (2018), the total '''volume of produced honey''' between the years of 1993 and 2004 increased constantly, but fluctuated afterwards: 24,000 t in 1993, 28,000 t in 1998, 40,900 t in 2004, and 42,000 t in 2008, 45,905 t in 2012, 0 t in 2013/2014 and 47,706 t in 2016. <ref name="FAO 2018">FAO (2018). FAOSTAT database collections. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. Access date: 23.04.2018. URL: http://faostat.fao.org</ref> As in the figure below, official data of FAO statistics (2018) also showed a honey production of 0 t in the years 2013 and 2014. <ref name="FAO 2018"/>
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[[File:HoneyProduction_ET.png|thumb|center|Honey production in Ethiopia (1993-2016); *Data is based on estimations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); **Data is not available.]]
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The amount of produced honey per hive ranged between 6.86 kg in 1993 and 10.49 kg in 2006 with an average production of 7.55 kg/hive in the years 1993-2016 (figure below). <ref name="FAO 2018"/>
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[[File:Honeyperhive_ET.PNG|thumb|center|Honey yield per hive in Ethiopia (1993-2016); *Data is based on estimations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); **Data is not available.]]  
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==References==
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<references/>

Latest revision as of 18:43, 22 February 2021

Honey

Ethiopia: The country belongs to the largest honey producers in Africa and is among the top ten worldwide (Import/Export of honey bee products) and due to bimodal rains, honey can be harvested at least twice a year. [1] [2] The annual honey production was estimated to 43,000 t/year with a potential honey production of about 550,000 t/year. [3] [4] [5] The potential annual honey production was estimated based on a nationwide modernization of the beesector (modern hive, increased number of hives/beekeeper, ...) Approximately, 95% of bee hives (hive types) in Ethiopia are traditional with low productivity. [4] According to Gemechis (2016) and MoARD (2007) traditional beehives produce around 5-8 kg honey [3] [6], while the average honey yield in modern hives ranges from 15-20 kg. [5] [7] According to FAO, the average amount of honey per hive over 24 years was 7.55 kg and therefore is in agreement with the prior mentioned observations. [8] 70-80% of produced honey is used for the production of tej (traditional beverage) and the remaining percentage is sold as table honey. [7] [9] [10] 10% of honey is consumed directly by the beekeeping households, while the rest is sold for gaining income. [6] One major quality problem is the high moisture level of honey. Samples from all over the country revealed moisture content between 15.25% and 30.45%. The outcome varies with the type of used hives (traditional hives have 1.5-3.0% higher moisture content than modern hives) and the sample region (highly humid areas are more affected). [6] Honey from traditional hives is sometimes a mixture of pollen, wax and honey, because it is not common among some Ethiopian beekeepers to separate the crude honey from other components. [10] [11] To the favoured storage materials for honey belong plastic bags, tins/barrels, plastic containers, clay/log pots and animal skin. [12] The leading honey and beeswax producing regions in Ethiopia include Oromia (41%), SNNPR (22%), Amara (21%) and Tigray (5%) (honey market value chain). [10]


According to FAO statistics (2018), the total volume of produced honey between the years of 1993 and 2004 increased constantly, but fluctuated afterwards: 24,000 t in 1993, 28,000 t in 1998, 40,900 t in 2004, and 42,000 t in 2008, 45,905 t in 2012, 0 t in 2013/2014 and 47,706 t in 2016. [8] As in the figure below, official data of FAO statistics (2018) also showed a honey production of 0 t in the years 2013 and 2014. [8]

Honey production in Ethiopia (1993-2016); *Data is based on estimations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); **Data is not available.


The amount of produced honey per hive ranged between 6.86 kg in 1993 and 10.49 kg in 2006 with an average production of 7.55 kg/hive in the years 1993-2016 (figure below). [8]

Honey yield per hive in Ethiopia (1993-2016); *Data is based on estimations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); **Data is not available.

References

  1. ↑ Adeday, G., Shiferaw, M., & Abebe, F. (2012). Prevalence of Bee Lice Braula coeca (Diptera: Braulidae) and Other Perceived Constraints to Honey Bee Production in Wukro Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Global Veterinaria, 8(6), 631-635.
  2. ↑ MoA & ILRI (2013). Apiculture value chain vision and strategy for Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ministry of Agriculture and International Livestock Research Institute.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 MoARD (2007). Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Livestock Development Master Plan Study. Phase I Report - Data Collection and Analysis, Volume N - Apiculture. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Negash, B., & Greiling, J. (2017). Quality Focused Apiculture Sector Value Chain Development in Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A, 7(2), 107-116.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Taye, B., Desta, A., Girma, C., & Mekonen, W. T. (2016). Evaluation of transitional and modern hives for honey production in the Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 64(1), 157–165.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Gemechis, L. Y. (2016). Honey Production and Marketing in Ethiopia. Agriculture And Biology Journal Of North America, 7(5), 248-253.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. CNCS, 2(1), 76-92.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 FAO (2018). FAOSTAT database collections. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. Access date: 23.04.2018. URL: http://faostat.fao.org
  9. ↑ Legesse, G. Y. (2014). Review of progress in Ethiopian honey production and marketing. Livestock Research for Rural Development 26(1), 1-6.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 SNV/Ethiopia (2005). Strategic intervention plan on honey & beeswax value-chains, snv support to business organizations and their access to markets (boam).
  11. ↑ Fichtl, R., & Adi, A. (1994). Honeybee Flora of Ethiopia. Margraf Verlag Germany.
  12. ↑ Awraris, G., S., Yemisrach, G., Dejen, A., Nuru, A., Gebeyehu, G., & Workneh, A. (2012). Honey production systems (Apis mellifera L.) in Kaffa, Sheka and Bench-Maji zones of Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 4(19), 528-541.
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