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| − | == '''''Varroa'' status''' ==
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| − | ''' ''[[Varroa spp.]]'' '''(Acari; Varroidae)''' - ''[[V. destructor]], [[V. jacobsoni]], [[V. underwoodi]], [[V. rindereri]]''
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| − | '''Ethiopia:'''
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| − | There are no reports of high colony losses that are directly linked to the parasitic ''[[V. destructor]]'' mite, thus in Ethiopia it is not common to treat infested honey bee colonies chemically. It is believed, that honey bee populations in Africa may be more resistant against ''[[V. destructor]]'' due to several factors like [[climate conditions]] (i.e. almost no overwintering) ([[Muli et al. 2014]]; [[Pirk et al. 2015]]).
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| − | '''Indonesia:'''
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| − | Several species of ''[[Varroa]]'' exist in Indonesia (''[[V. destructor]], [[V. jacobsoni]], [[V. underwoodi]], [[V. rindereri]]''), known to infest different [[honey bee species]]. Regarding the beekeeping with ''[[A. cerana]]'', studies revealed, that ''[[V. destructor]]'' seems to be not economically important, not only due to the increased hygiene behavior of ''[[A. cerana]]''. Though, increased grooming behavior of ''[[A. cerana]]'' in cleaning and removing ''[[Varroa]]'' mites is not only based on triggering by exogenous stimuli through visual and olfactory detection, but also on genetics. Unfortunately, there is no data about the infestation rate, nor the mortality rate of ''[[V. destructor]]'' relating to ''[[A. mellifera]]'' ([[Diao et al. 2017]]; [[Gupta et al. 2014]]; [[Oldroyd & Nanork 2009]]; [[Rosenkranz et al. 2010]]).
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