Difference between revisions of "Hive types"
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| − | A hive type is an enclosured structure in which honey bees are housed by apiarists. Every hive type has its own characteristics. On the one hand, '''traditional hives''' do not need '''special skills''' to build them, have '''low starting costs''' and are often made of simple, '''locally available materials'''. On the other hand, they have also disadvantages: the '''bee management is difficult''' (inspecting, harvesting, disease prophylaxis, adding supplementary food, …), hives are more '''susceptible against external environmental stress''' (climate conditions, pests and predators, …), the '''yield''' of honey bee products is often '''lower''' compared to modern types, and some hive types are even '''destructive''' to the surrounding forests (e.g. bark hives, log hives, …). <ref name="Gupta">Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1</ref> | + | A hive type is an enclosured structure in which honey bees are housed by apiarists. Every hive type has its own characteristics. On the one hand, '''traditional hives''' do not need '''special skills''' to build them, have '''low starting costs''' and are often made of simple, '''locally available materials'''. On the other hand, they have also disadvantages: the '''bee management is difficult''' (inspecting, harvesting, disease prophylaxis, adding supplementary food, …), hives are more '''susceptible against external environmental stress''' (climate conditions, pests and predators, …), the '''yield''' of honey bee products is often '''lower''' compared to modern types, and some hive types are even '''destructive''' to the surrounding forests (e.g. bark hives, log hives, …). <ref name="Gupta">Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1</ref> |
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| − | '''Indonesia:''' There is almost '''no published data''' available on hive types in Indonesia, but according to a local scientist (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia), most beekeepers construct their own hives. Traditional hives consist, similarly to Ethiopia, of various, simple and locally available materials. For example, '''stingless bees''' (''Trigona''; see: [[Other types of gaining bee products]]) may be housed in '''hollowed logs''', '''mud pots''', '''bamboo pits''', '''coconut shells''', '''wooden boxes''', or '''pottery vessels'''. <ref name="Gupta"/> Modern models of housing Meliponini are wooden, vertical, terraced hives. <ref name="Kahono">Kahono, S., Chantawannakul, P., & Engel, M. S. (2018). Social Bees and the Current Status of Beekeeping in Indonesia. In book: Asian Beekeeping in the 21st Century. Springer, Singapore. 287-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8222-1_13</ref> Further examples for commonly used traditional hives for ''A. cerana'' are '''wall hives''' <ref>Theisen-Jones, H., & Bienefeld, K. (2016). The Asian Honey Bee (''Apis cerana'') is Significantly in Decline. Bee World, 93(4), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2017.1284973</ref>, or the “'''glodok'''” that consists of a horizontal bamboo hive. Honey is harvested by cutting the glodok into two halves. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y. : Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> However, homemade hives that look '''similar to modern hive-systems''' are also defined as traditional. The habitus of the hives differ regionally by '''dimension''', used '''materials''', '''entrance hole size''', and the '''number of frames''' inside. For example, while movable frame-hives with different sizes are used by beekeepers in the highlands of Bogor and Sukabumi, hives with double entrances are used in Halmahera, Ambon and Mollucas. Despite there is no officially standardized size for bee hives or research on what hive types best fit the two different ''Apis'' species in Indonesia, the national '''State Forest Own Company (PERHUTANI)''' provides their own hive type for | + | '''Indonesia:''' There is almost '''no published data''' available on hive types in Indonesia, but according to a local scientist (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia), most beekeepers construct their own hives. Traditional hives consist, similarly to Ethiopia, of various, simple and locally available materials. For example, '''stingless bees''' (''Trigona''; see: [[Other types of gaining bee products]]) may be housed in '''hollowed logs''', '''mud pots''', '''bamboo pits''', '''coconut shells''', '''wooden boxes''', or '''pottery vessels'''. <ref name="Gupta"/> Modern models of housing Meliponini are wooden, vertical, terraced hives. <ref name="Kahono">Kahono, S., Chantawannakul, P., & Engel, M. S. (2018). Social Bees and the Current Status of Beekeeping in Indonesia. In book: Asian Beekeeping in the 21st Century. Springer, Singapore. 287-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8222-1_13</ref> Further examples for commonly used traditional hives for ''A. cerana'' are '''wall hives''' <ref>Theisen-Jones, H., & Bienefeld, K. (2016). The Asian Honey Bee (''Apis cerana'') is Significantly in Decline. Bee World, 93(4), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2017.1284973</ref>, or the “'''glodok'''” that consists of a horizontal bamboo hive. Honey is harvested by cutting the glodok into two halves. <ref>Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y. : Comstock Pub. Associates.</ref> However, homemade hives that look '''similar to modern hive-systems''' are also defined as traditional. The habitus of the hives differ regionally by '''dimension''', used '''materials''', '''entrance hole size''', and the '''number of frames''' inside. For example, while movable frame-hives with different sizes are used by beekeepers in the highlands of Bogor and Sukabumi, hives with double entrances are used in Halmahera, Ambon and Mollucas. Despite there is no officially standardized size for bee hives or research on what hive types best fit the two different ''Apis'' species in Indonesia, the national '''State Forest Own Company (PERHUTANI)''' provides their own hive type for ''Apis cerana'' colonies and a large number of beekeepers try to copy the PERHUTANI bee hive-size for their own constructions. <ref>Perhutani. (1992). Petunjuk Praktis Budidaya Lebah Madu (''Apis Cerana''). Jakarta.</ref> |
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 14:54, 13 June 2018
A hive type is an enclosured structure in which honey bees are housed by apiarists. Every hive type has its own characteristics. On the one hand, traditional hives do not need special skills to build them, have low starting costs and are often made of simple, locally available materials. On the other hand, they have also disadvantages: the bee management is difficult (inspecting, harvesting, disease prophylaxis, adding supplementary food, …), hives are more susceptible against external environmental stress (climate conditions, pests and predators, …), the yield of honey bee products is often lower compared to modern types, and some hive types are even destructive to the surrounding forests (e.g. bark hives, log hives, …). [1]
Ethiopia: About 95% of Ethiopian beekeepers use traditional hive-systems made of cheap, locally available materials (clay, straw, bamboo, bark, logs, …). The remaining percentage of beekeepers use transitional (promoted since 1978) and modern hives. [2] [3] A survey by Tesfaye & Tesfaye (2007) revealed reasons, why most beekeepers do not possess modern hives-systems: the starting costs are high, lack of managing skills, unavailability of modern bee hives in the particular area, or a combination of the mentioned issues. [4] The number of movable frame hive-systems was estimated to be 100,843 (2009). [5] Modern beekeeping is mostly practiced in the southwestern and central highlands and commonly used hive types are the Zander hive, Langstroth hive, and Dadant hive, respectively. [1] Popular transitional beehives are either the Kenyan top bar hive, or the locally made "Chefeka" hive. [5]
Indonesia: There is almost no published data available on hive types in Indonesia, but according to a local scientist (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia), most beekeepers construct their own hives. Traditional hives consist, similarly to Ethiopia, of various, simple and locally available materials. For example, stingless bees (Trigona; see: Other types of gaining bee products) may be housed in hollowed logs, mud pots, bamboo pits, coconut shells, wooden boxes, or pottery vessels. [1] Modern models of housing Meliponini are wooden, vertical, terraced hives. [6] Further examples for commonly used traditional hives for A. cerana are wall hives [7], or the “glodok” that consists of a horizontal bamboo hive. Honey is harvested by cutting the glodok into two halves. [8] However, homemade hives that look similar to modern hive-systems are also defined as traditional. The habitus of the hives differ regionally by dimension, used materials, entrance hole size, and the number of frames inside. For example, while movable frame-hives with different sizes are used by beekeepers in the highlands of Bogor and Sukabumi, hives with double entrances are used in Halmahera, Ambon and Mollucas. Despite there is no officially standardized size for bee hives or research on what hive types best fit the two different Apis species in Indonesia, the national State Forest Own Company (PERHUTANI) provides their own hive type for Apis cerana colonies and a large number of beekeepers try to copy the PERHUTANI bee hive-size for their own constructions. [9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Gupta, R. K., Reybroeck, W., van Veen, J. W., & Gupta, A. (2014). Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security: Vol. 1: Technological Aspects of Beekeeping. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1
- ↑ Gidey, Y., & Mekonen, T. (2010). Participatory Technology and Constraints Assessment to Improve the Livelihood of Beekeepers in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v2i1.49654
- ↑ Taye, B., Desta, A., Girma, C., & Mekonen, W. T. (2015). Evaluation of Transitional and Modern Hives for Honey Production in Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 3(1), 1-6.
- ↑ Tesfaye, K., & Tesfaye, L. (2007). Study of honey production system in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district in mid rift valley of Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 19(11), 1-9.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gemechis, L. Y. (2016). Honey Production and Marketing in Ethiopia. Agriculture And Biology Journal Of North America, 7(5), 248-253. https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2016.7.5.248.253
- ↑ Kahono, S., Chantawannakul, P., & Engel, M. S. (2018). Social Bees and the Current Status of Beekeeping in Indonesia. In book: Asian Beekeeping in the 21st Century. Springer, Singapore. 287-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8222-1_13
- ↑ Theisen-Jones, H., & Bienefeld, K. (2016). The Asian Honey Bee (Apis cerana) is Significantly in Decline. Bee World, 93(4), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2017.1284973
- ↑ Crane, E. (1990). Bees and beekeeping: science, practice, and world resources. Ithaca, N.Y. : Comstock Pub. Associates.
- ↑ Perhutani. (1992). Petunjuk Praktis Budidaya Lebah Madu (Apis Cerana). Jakarta.
