KristinaG: Created page with "Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known globally. Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Dém..."

2021-02-23T10:15:01Z

Created page with "Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known globally. <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Dém..."

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2019-06-08T16:39:38Z

Created page with "36 year-old Orthopaedic Surgeon Malcolm from Baie-Comeau, spends time with pursuits for instance beadwork, Công Ty [http://O.M.E@www.denverprovidence.org/guestbook///////////..."

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36 year-old Orthopaedic Surgeon Malcolm from Baie-Comeau, spends time with pursuits for instance beadwork, Công Ty [http://O.M.E@www.denverprovidence.org/guestbook////////////////// thiết kế nội thất nhà] Kế Nội Thất Uy Tín and brewing beer. Wants to travel and was stimulated after visiting San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:15, 23 February 2021
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−	36 year~~-old Orthopaedic Surgeon Malcolm from Baie-Comeau~~, ~~spends time with pursuits for instance beadwork~~, ~~Công Ty [http://O~~.M.~~E@www~~.~~denverprovidence~~.~~org~~/~~guestbook~~////////~~////////// thiết kế nội thất nhà] Kế Nội Thất Uy Tín and brewing beer~~. ~~Wants to travel~~ and ~~was stimulated after visiting San Marino Historic Centre~~ and ~~Mount Titano~~.	+	Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known globally. <ref name="Pirk 2015">Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Démares, F., & Human, H. (2015). Honeybee health in Africa—a review. Apidologie, 47(3), 276–300.</ref>. Important viruses reported in Asia and/or Africa are: '''Black Queen Cell Virus''' (BQCV), '''Sacbrood Virus''' (SBV), '''Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus''' (IAPV), '''Deformed Wing Virus''' (DWV), '''Varroa destructor Virus 1''' (VDV-1) and '''Acute/Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus''' (ABPV and CBPV). <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Morse, R. A., & Nowogrodzki, R. (1990). Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing Associates, USA.</ref> Despite there may be similar symptoms such as wing deformation in DWV and VDV-1, the pathogenesis of mentioned viruses differ from each other. The symptoms range from loss of hair to even paralysis of bees. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> <ref>Mumoki, F. N., Fombong, A., Muli, E., Muigai, A. W. T., & Masiga, D. (2014). An Inventory of Documented Diseases of African Honeybees. African Entomology, 22(3), 473–487.</ref>
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		+	'''Ethiopia:''' So far, 9 different viruses affecting honey bee health were detected in Africa. <ref name="Pirk 2015"/> While multiple viruses were observed in the neighbouring countries ('''[[Threats for introduction of new pests]]'''), <ref>Kajobe, R., Marris, G., Budge, G., Laurenson, L., Cordoni, G., Jones, B., … Brown, M. A. (2010). First molecular detection of a viral pathogen in Ugandan honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104(2), 153–156.</ref> <ref>Muli, E., Patch, H., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Torto, B., Baumgarten, T., …, & Grozinger, C. (2014). Evaluation of the distribution and impacts of parasites, pathogens, and pesticides on honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') populations in East Africa. PloS One, 9(4), e94459.</ref> there is a lack of information regarding the honey bee virus status in Ethiopia.
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		+	==References==
		+	<references/>

Viruses - Ethiopia - Revision history

KristinaG: Created page with "Pirk and colleagues reviewed, that in the year 2015, at least 23 "honey bee viruses" were known globally. Pirk, C. W. W., Strauss, U., Yusuf, A. A., Dém..."

ReggieSander997: Created page with "36 year-old Orthopaedic Surgeon Malcolm from Baie-Comeau, spends time with pursuits for instance beadwork, Công Ty [http://O.M.E@www.denverprovidence.org/guestbook///////////..."